French. Nobleman. First son of Charles Philippe, duc d'Artois. Artois was given the duchies of Angoulême and Mercoeur at the coronation of Louis XVI, and passed the duchy of Angoulême to his son in 1775. The life of the young man was altered irrevocably by the Revolution in 1789. His family fled France for Italy, and for much of his early adulthood he lived in various European countries as part of the exiled French nobility: Germany, Poland, Russia, Austria, England. He served as an advisor to his Uncle, who had been proclaimed King Louis XVIII, in exile. Louis returned to France to rule, and d'Angoulême accompanied him. On the king's death in 1824, his father assumed the throne as King Charles X, and d'Angoulême became Dauphin. However, Charles' rule was sufficiently unpopular to cause a revolution in 1830. The king was forced to abdicate, and his son became king - for twenty minutes - until he, too, was forced to abdicate in favor of his nephew, who reigned as King Louis-Philippe. Potteries owned by the Duc d'Angoulême near Paris produced wares with similar floral patterning, often called "Angoulême ware," "Angoulême sprig," or "Chantilly sprig," even when it does not bear the mark of the potteries.